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Thursday, December 22, 2022

apa yang anda ketahui dengan design rationale?

Daftar Isi

• 1. apa yang anda ketahui dengan design rationale?
• 2. Manusia adalah hewan berpikir (animal rationale), pendapat ini dikemukakan oleh?
• 3. Apa yang dimaksud dari RATIONALE, PROBLEM LIMITATION, SCOPE, ASSUMPTION, HYPHOTESIS, THESIS WRITING ORGANIZATION, WORKING THEORY ?.
• 4. A long time ago, there lived a monk infamous of for his arrogance. His name was Shan. Heheld an important position and everybody knew him. This made him so full of himself.Qui Jin heard about the monk and wanted to teach him a lesson. He came to see Shan, but the monkdidn't say a word.Later he saw the monk greeting the son of a high ranking military officer. Qui Jin asked themonk why he treated the son of the military officer and qui Jin differently. The monk answered,'Don't misunderstand me. For me, no greeting means greeting and greeting means no greeting.'Qui Jin could sense the monk's mischief. So, with a stick, he hit the monk on the head. QuiJin said, “Based on your rationale, hitting means no hitting, and no hitting means hitting. That iswhy I hit you.'Shan understood his mistake. Since that day, the monk respected everyone and greeted themregardless of who they were.27.The text teaches us ...A. To be patient in facing problemsB. Not to forget the eldersC. To respect each otherD. To love culture​
• 5. Make pozitive , compartative and superlative based on the table age dayu 13 years old beni 13 years old udin 14 years old dani 15 years old
• 6. 1. Pada umumnya diyakini bahwa pembeda utama manusia dari binatang adalah kemampuan berpikirnya (homo rationale). Akan tetapi Cassirer menegaskan bahwa manusia menjadi begitu istimewa karena kemampuan berbahasa (menciptakan simbol). Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut uraikanlah apa yang dimaksud dengan A. homo rationale B. animal symbollicum {JANGAN NGASAL DAN HANYA SEKEDAR AMBIL POINT YANG BESAR SAJA!}
• 7. Circle the correct option. Then give a rationale for your choice. 1. He found his way (easy, easily) even in the dim light. 2. He is (good, well) to her. 3. She did very (good, well) on the last test. 4. They marched down the street (valiant, valiantly). 5. There are some (real, really) fine writers in this class. 6. We do not have (near, nearly) enough time to finish. 7. She is (bad, badly) about leaving the lid off the jelly. 8. I feel (bad, badly) about leaving my dog at the kennel. 9. Janice takes her job (serious, seriously). 10. Don't take this (personal, personally), but your husband is a jerk. 11. He seems (different, differently) from what I imagined. 12. Professor Bates is one of the most (wide, widely) read people I know. 13. His homework assignments (sure, surely) are some of the most challenging in our
• 8. Tolong bantu buat pertanyaan: Minimum: 1000 words -Rationale -What? ( explain Bonus Demography) -WHEN Should we start? -Where ? (Current situation in Indonesia as the Background) -Who ? ( people from the age of 15 to 64)need to be trained. -Why? (to face the 21st century successfully -How ? You answer it by using references which is including the fluency of using the computer/Internet and technology plus the soft-skills that we have studied. (reference: 13 essential skills for 21st century students. -Conclusion
• 9. 3. The data ... by means of a questionnaire survey and three focus group interviews. A. collected B. were collected C. collecting D. collects E. were collecting 4. In the questionnaire, respondents. ten questions regarding the current appraisal system. A. were asking B. askingC. ask D. were asked E. asked5. It .. that the respondents were generally quite satisfied with the system, but about half of them were stated that it should ... out less frequently. A. is finding; carry B. found; carried C. was found; be carried D. finds; be carrying E. find; carries 6. In the focus group interviews, 1 point the respondents ... the opportunity to discuss the system openly. A. given B. were giving C. were given D. giving E. are giving7. Some respondents complained that the appraiser ... too little about them to give detailed and objective comments. A. knows B. is knowing C. is known D. knew E. knowing 8. The findings indicate that the rationale for conducting the appraisal exercise should .. more clearly to our staff.A. explaining B. explainsC. be explained D. explain E. be explaining​
• 10. Mira Arina, manager of an electronics division, was not pleased with the results that had recently been reported concerning the division’s activity-based management implementation project. For one thing, the project had taken eight months longer than projected and had exceeded the budget by nearly 35 percent. But even more vexatious was the fact that after all was said and done, about three-fourths of the plants were reporting that the activity-based product costs were not much different for most of the products than those of the old costing system. Plant managers were indicating that they were continuing to use the old costs as they were easier to compute and understand. Yet, at the same time, they were complaining that they were having a hard time meeting the bids of competitors. Reliable sources were also revealing that the division’s product costs were higher than many competitors’. This outcome perplexed plant managers because their control system still continued to report favorable materials and labor efficiency variances. They complained that Activity Based Management (ABM) had failed to produce any significant improvement in cost performance. Mira decided to tour several of the plants and talk with the plant managers. After the tour, she realized that her managers did not understand the concept of non value-added costs nor did they have a good grasp of the concept of kaizen costing. No efforts were being made to carefully consider the activity information that had been produced. One typical plant manager threw up his hands and said: “This is too much data. Why should I care about all this detail? I do not see how this can help me improve my plant’s performance. They tell me that inspection is not a necessary activity and does not add value. I simply can’t believe that inspecting isn’t value added and necessary. If we did not inspect, we would be making and sending more bad products to customers.” Required 1. Explain why Mira’s division is having problems with its ABM implementation 2. Assume that you are a member of top management in a large organization. Do you think implementation of ABM would be valuable? Explain the rationale for your answer
• 11. Introduction Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: 1. Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.Rationale: By constraining the license to require free redistribution, we eliminate the temptation for licensors to throw away many long-term gains to make short-term gains. If we didn't do this, there would be lots of pressure for cooperators to defect. 2. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed.Rationale: We require access to un-obfuscated source code because you can't evolve programs without modifying them. Since our purpose is to make evolution easy, we require that modification be made easy. 3. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.Rationale: The mere ability to read source isn't enough to support independent peer review and rapid evolutionary selection. For rapid evolution to happen, people need to be able to experiment with and redistribute modifications. 4. Integrity of The Author's Source CodeThe license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software.Rationale: Encouraging lots of improvement is a good thing, but users have a right to know who is responsible for the software they are using. Authors and maintainers have reciprocal right to know what they're being asked to support and protect their reputations. Accordingly, an open-source license must guarantee that source be readily available, but may require that it be distributed as pristine base sources plus patches. In this way, "unofficial" changes can be made available but readily distinguished from the base source. 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or GroupsThe license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.
• 12. Buatkan resume dari paragraf ini dong The social self Charles heads the marketing function of a major retail chain. He’s overseeing a lot of change in the way his team works, as they take advantage of new technology. “Marketing is evolving fast,” he says. “Traditional marketing requires creativity.” He adds, “Modern marketing still requires that, but we now get to benefit from new analytical tools that allow us to track return on investment of our marketing campaigns. And that data crunching requires quite a different type of skillset—much more quantitative.” That means he’s had to hire new types of people in the marketing department, alongside existing staff. It sounds like nothing but upside for the marketing team. As Charles says, “it’s fantastic to be able to combine the best of both skillsets.” So what’s the challenge? “Whenever you have a very new group of people joining an existing team, you’ve got to pay real attention to motivation,” Charles warns. The reason for this lies deep in our highly social brains. Of all threats, social slights are especially high on the list of things against which our brains seek to defend us. This social sensitivity probably helped keep us safe when tribal belonging determined whether we’d survive the dangers of the prehistoric savannah—but in the workplace, it means leaders have to meet three main types of deep social needs if they want their colleagues to thrive: Inclusion: “Do I belong?” In Charles’s case, existing staff may be worried that they’re going to be excluded from the exciting new work. The newbies, meanwhile, will be wondering whether they truly fit in. Respect: “Do people recognize the value I bring?” Everyone on the team wants to feel that their efforts are useful and appreciated. Fairness: “Am I being treated just like everyone else—or do I at least understand the reason that things are the way they are?” If the answer to any of those questions is “no,” people’s brains can quickly go into defensive mode—which, as we learned earlier, is a sure recipe for dysfunctional behavior. Indeed, Charles said “people were clearly feeling anxious and nervous. As a result, they started complaining about things they’ve never complained about before—making snide comments or questioning things that they saw as scope creep or turf invasion. People here are generally polite and friendly, and passionate about their work. So they weren’t hostile. Just unsettled.” To boost feelings of inclusion, Charles deliberately created opportunities for both groups of staff to get to know each other and later collaborate in cross-functional teams to work on new product innovation. In addition to emphasizing these shared wins from teamwork, Charles also takes the time to make everyone feel respected for their individual contribution. “You have to make sure to give people ‘spotlight moments.’ I look for opportunities to get them in front of the management team. I hate it when someone works on a presentation and then their boss delivers it. If people have done the work, they present it.” Finally, he’s transparent about the rationale behind his decisions. As he explains, “it’s a great investment in minimizing suspicion and defensiveness later on.” In doing so, he personally takes time to balance his time between the creatives and the technical folks, and if someone’s giving up some responsibilities to one of the new hires, he says, “I make sure to explain why that’s happening and emphasize the opportunities they will have to do new stuff in other areas—often areas that they’re better at and enjoy more.” As a result, Charles says, “both sides are learning and growing by being exposed to each other.” It’s not something he sees as a one-off effort, either. “The company never stops changing. The people who are currently ‘new’ will become the ‘old guard’ and then there will be a new generation of skills needed.” After all, he says, “this sort of attention to the social dimension is important in any industry where systemic change is happening.”

1. apa yang anda ketahui dengan design rationale?

Jawaban:

design rationale adalah dalam

Dasar pemikiran desain adalah dokumentasi eksplisit tentang alasan di balik keputusan yang dibuat ketika merancang suatu sistem atau artefak

Penjelasan:

maaf kalo salah

2. Manusia adalah hewan berpikir (animal rationale), pendapat ini dikemukakan oleh?

Manusia adalah hewan berpikir (animal rationale), pendapat ini dikemukakan oleh Aristoteles.

Pembahasan

Manusia merupakan hewan yang berpikir didukung oleh Aristoteles. Konsep ini diambil dengan melihat bahwa manusia merupakan makluk yang mampu membedakan mana yang baik dan mana yang buruk. Ia dianggap sebagai makhluk yang mampu bertindak dengan cara manusiawi dan mampu untuk menghilangkan rasa kebinatangannya sendiri.

Selain manusia dianggap sebagai animal rationale, ia juga termasuk Zoon Politikon, yang diartikan bahwa manusia merupakan hewan yang bermasyarakat.

Pelajari lebih lanjutMateri tentang Apa yang di maksud animal rational?  https://brainly.co.id/tugas/818539Materi tentang Jelaskan pengertian dari zoon politicon  https://brainly.co.id/tugas/1622286========================Detil Jawaban

Kode          : 10.3.1

Kelas          : 10 SMA

Mapel         : Sejarah

Bab             : Konsep Sejarah

3. Apa yang dimaksud dari RATIONALE, PROBLEM LIMITATION, SCOPE, ASSUMPTION, HYPHOTESIS, THESIS WRITING ORGANIZATION, WORKING THEORY ?.

rationale: alasan
problem limitation: batasan masalah
scope: cakupan
assumption: anggapan
hyphotesis: hipotesa
thesis writing: penulisan skripsi
organization: organisasi
working theory: teori kerja

4. A long time ago, there lived a monk infamous of for his arrogance. His name was Shan. Heheld an important position and everybody knew him. This made him so full of himself.Qui Jin heard about the monk and wanted to teach him a lesson. He came to see Shan, but the monkdidn't say a word.Later he saw the monk greeting the son of a high ranking military officer. Qui Jin asked themonk why he treated the son of the military officer and qui Jin differently. The monk answered,'Don't misunderstand me. For me, no greeting means greeting and greeting means no greeting.'Qui Jin could sense the monk's mischief. So, with a stick, he hit the monk on the head. QuiJin said, “Based on your rationale, hitting means no hitting, and no hitting means hitting. That iswhy I hit you.'Shan understood his mistake. Since that day, the monk respected everyone and greeted themregardless of who they were.27.The text teaches us ...A. To be patient in facing problemsB. Not to forget the eldersC. To respect each otherD. To love culture​

Jawaban:

C. To respect each other

5. Make pozitive , compartative and superlative based on the table age dayu 13 years old beni 13 years old udin 14 years old dani 15 years old

Jawaban:

Membuat perisaian, komparatif dan termaju

berdasarkan usia tabel dayu 13 tahun beni 13

tahun udin 14 tahun tua dani 15 tahun

6. 1. Pada umumnya diyakini bahwa pembeda utama manusia dari binatang adalah kemampuan berpikirnya (homo rationale). Akan tetapi Cassirer menegaskan bahwa manusia menjadi begitu istimewa karena kemampuan berbahasa (menciptakan simbol). Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut uraikanlah apa yang dimaksud dengan A. homo rationale B. animal symbollicum {JANGAN NGASAL DAN HANYA SEKEDAR AMBIL POINT YANG BESAR SAJA!}

Jawaban:

1. Homo Rationale

Homo Rationale adalah sebuah konsep yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kemampuan berpikir manusia. Konsep ini menekankan bahwa manusia mempunyai kemampuan untuk berpikir secara rasional dan logis, sehingga dapat mengolah informasi dengan lebih baik daripada binatang.

2. Animal Symbollicum

Animal Symbollicum adalah sebuah konsep yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kemampuan manusia untuk menciptakan simbol. Konsep ini menekankan bahwa manusia mempunyai kemampuan untuk menciptakan dan menggunakan simbol-simbol seperti bahasa, angka, dan lambang-lambang lainnya untuk menyampaikan ide atau informasi.

7. Circle the correct option. Then give a rationale for your choice. 1. He found his way (easy, easily) even in the dim light. 2. He is (good, well) to her. 3. She did very (good, well) on the last test. 4. They marched down the street (valiant, valiantly). 5. There are some (real, really) fine writers in this class. 6. We do not have (near, nearly) enough time to finish. 7. She is (bad, badly) about leaving the lid off the jelly. 8. I feel (bad, badly) about leaving my dog at the kennel. 9. Janice takes her job (serious, seriously). 10. Don't take this (personal, personally), but your husband is a jerk. 11. He seems (different, differently) from what I imagined. 12. Professor Bates is one of the most (wide, widely) read people I know. 13. His homework assignments (sure, surely) are some of the most challenging in our

Jawaban:

1. He found his way (easy, easily) even in the dim light.

2. He is (good, well) to her.

3. She did very (good, well) on the last test.

4. They marched down the street (valiant, valiantly).

5. There are some (real, really) fine writers in this class.

6. We do not have (near, nearly) enough time to finish.

7. She is (bad, badly) about leaving the lid off the jelly.

8. I feel (bad, badly) about leaving my dog at the kennel.

9. Janice takes her job (serious, seriously).

10. Don't take this (personal, personally), but your husband is a jerk.

11. He seems (different, differently) from what I imagined.

12. Professor Bates is one of the most (wide, widely) read people I know.

13. His homework assignments (sure, surely) are some of the most challenging in our

Penjelasan:

Untuk nomor 7. kata yang sesuai adalah She feels bad dan bukan seperti di soal. Semua jawaban dicetak tebal dan digarisbawahi. Semoga membantu ya.

8. Tolong bantu buat pertanyaan: Minimum: 1000 words -Rationale -What? ( explain Bonus Demography) -WHEN Should we start? -Where ? (Current situation in Indonesia as the Background) -Who ? ( people from the age of 15 to 64)need to be trained. -Why? (to face the 21st century successfully -How ? You answer it by using references which is including the fluency of using the computer/Internet and technology plus the soft-skills that we have studied. (reference: 13 essential skills for 21st century students. -Conclusion

Tolong bantu buat pertanyaan:

Minimal: 1000 kata

-Alasan

-Apa? (jelaskan Demografi Bonus)

-KAPAN HARUS kita mulai?

-Dimana? (Situasi saat ini di Indonesia sebagai latar belakang)

-Siapa ? (orang dari usia 15 hingga 64) perlu dilatih.

-Mengapa? (untuk menghadapi abad ke-21 berhasil

-Bagaimana? Anda menjawabnya dengan menggunakan referensi yang termasuk kelancaran menggunakan komputer / Internet dan teknologi plus soft skill yang telah kita pelajari. (referensi: 13 keterampilan penting untuk siswa abad ke-21.

-Kesimpulan

9. 3. The data ... by means of a questionnaire survey and three focus group interviews. A. collected B. were collected C. collecting D. collects E. were collecting 4. In the questionnaire, respondents. ten questions regarding the current appraisal system. A. were asking B. askingC. ask D. were asked E. asked5. It .. that the respondents were generally quite satisfied with the system, but about half of them were stated that it should ... out less frequently. A. is finding; carry B. found; carried C. was found; be carried D. finds; be carrying E. find; carries 6. In the focus group interviews, 1 point the respondents ... the opportunity to discuss the system openly. A. given B. were giving C. were given D. giving E. are giving7. Some respondents complained that the appraiser ... too little about them to give detailed and objective comments. A. knows B. is knowing C. is known D. knew E. knowing 8. The findings indicate that the rationale for conducting the appraisal exercise should .. more clearly to our staff.A. explaining B. explainsC. be explained D. explain E. be explaining​

Jawaban:

3.d.collects

4.d.were asked

5.e.find ;carries

6.d.giving

7.e.knowing

8.a.explaining

10. Mira Arina, manager of an electronics division, was not pleased with the results that had recently been reported concerning the division’s activity-based management implementation project. For one thing, the project had taken eight months longer than projected and had exceeded the budget by nearly 35 percent. But even more vexatious was the fact that after all was said and done, about three-fourths of the plants were reporting that the activity-based product costs were not much different for most of the products than those of the old costing system. Plant managers were indicating that they were continuing to use the old costs as they were easier to compute and understand. Yet, at the same time, they were complaining that they were having a hard time meeting the bids of competitors. Reliable sources were also revealing that the division’s product costs were higher than many competitors’. This outcome perplexed plant managers because their control system still continued to report favorable materials and labor efficiency variances. They complained that Activity Based Management (ABM) had failed to produce any significant improvement in cost performance. Mira decided to tour several of the plants and talk with the plant managers. After the tour, she realized that her managers did not understand the concept of non value-added costs nor did they have a good grasp of the concept of kaizen costing. No efforts were being made to carefully consider the activity information that had been produced. One typical plant manager threw up his hands and said: “This is too much data. Why should I care about all this detail? I do not see how this can help me improve my plant’s performance. They tell me that inspection is not a necessary activity and does not add value. I simply can’t believe that inspecting isn’t value added and necessary. If we did not inspect, we would be making and sending more bad products to customers.” Required 1. Explain why Mira’s division is having problems with its ABM implementation 2. Assume that you are a member of top management in a large organization. Do you think implementation of ABM would be valuable? Explain the rationale for your answer

1. Because Activity Based Management (ABM) had failed to produce any significant improvement in cost performance. About three-fourths of the plants were reporting that the activity-based product costs were not much different for most of the products than those of the old costing system.

2. Valuable enough. ABM can classifying activites into valuable or invaluable activity. It help us to reduce the cost of non value added activities.

11. Introduction Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: 1. Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.Rationale: By constraining the license to require free redistribution, we eliminate the temptation for licensors to throw away many long-term gains to make short-term gains. If we didn't do this, there would be lots of pressure for cooperators to defect. 2. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed.Rationale: We require access to un-obfuscated source code because you can't evolve programs without modifying them. Since our purpose is to make evolution easy, we require that modification be made easy. 3. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.Rationale: The mere ability to read source isn't enough to support independent peer review and rapid evolutionary selection. For rapid evolution to happen, people need to be able to experiment with and redistribute modifications. 4. Integrity of The Author's Source CodeThe license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software.Rationale: Encouraging lots of improvement is a good thing, but users have a right to know who is responsible for the software they are using. Authors and maintainers have reciprocal right to know what they're being asked to support and protect their reputations. Accordingly, an open-source license must guarantee that source be readily available, but may require that it be distributed as pristine base sources plus patches. In this way, "unofficial" changes can be made available but readily distinguished from the base source. 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or GroupsThe license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

What is open source?

The term "open source" refers to something that can be modified because its design is publicly accessible.While it originated in the context of computer software development, today the term "open source" designates a set of values—what we call the open source way. In general, open source projects, products, or initiatives are those that embrace and celebrate open exchange, collaborative participation, rapid prototyping, transparency, meritocracy, and community development.

What is open source software?
Open source software is software whose source code is available for modification or enhancement by anyone."Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can use to change how a piece of software works. Programmers who have access to a computer program's source code can improve that program by adding features to it or fixing parts that don't always work correctly.What's the difference between open source software and other types of software?Some software has source code that cannot be modified by anyone but the person, team, or organization who created it and maintains exclusive control over it. This kind of software is frequently called "proprietary software" or "closed source" software, because its source code is the property of its original authors, who are the only ones legally allowed to copy or modify it. Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software. In order to use proprietary software, computer users must agree (usually by signing a license displayed the first time they run this software) that they will not do anything with the software that the software's authors have not expressly permitted.Open source software is different. Its authors make its source code available to others who would like to view that code, copy it, learn from it, alter it, or share it. LibreOffice and the GNU Image Manipulation Program are examples of open source software. As they do with proprietary software, users must accept the terms of a license when they use open source software—but the legal terms of open source licenses differ dramatically from those of proprietary licenses. Open source software licenses promote collaboration and sharing because they allow others to make modifications to source code and incorporate that code into their own projects. Some open source licenses ensure that anyone who alters and then shares a program with others must also share that program's source code without charging a licensing fee for it. In other words, computer programmers can access, view, and modify open source software whenever they like—as long as they let others do the same when they share their work. In fact, they could be violating the terms of some open source licenses if they don’t do this.Open source software is also a key component of the behind-the-scenes technology that powers the Internet. Every time you use a device to view a webpage, check your email, chat with a friend, or play a multiplayer game, a network of computers around the world works to link your device to a remote computer which serves up the data your local device displays. Many of these systems run open source software, from the Linuxoperating system to a web server application such as Apache. There are also a variety of other open source tools which enable functionality for file storage, networking, and other important computing tasks. 

12. Buatkan resume dari paragraf ini dong The social self Charles heads the marketing function of a major retail chain. He’s overseeing a lot of change in the way his team works, as they take advantage of new technology. “Marketing is evolving fast,” he says. “Traditional marketing requires creativity.” He adds, “Modern marketing still requires that, but we now get to benefit from new analytical tools that allow us to track return on investment of our marketing campaigns. And that data crunching requires quite a different type of skillset—much more quantitative.” That means he’s had to hire new types of people in the marketing department, alongside existing staff. It sounds like nothing but upside for the marketing team. As Charles says, “it’s fantastic to be able to combine the best of both skillsets.” So what’s the challenge? “Whenever you have a very new group of people joining an existing team, you’ve got to pay real attention to motivation,” Charles warns. The reason for this lies deep in our highly social brains. Of all threats, social slights are especially high on the list of things against which our brains seek to defend us. This social sensitivity probably helped keep us safe when tribal belonging determined whether we’d survive the dangers of the prehistoric savannah—but in the workplace, it means leaders have to meet three main types of deep social needs if they want their colleagues to thrive: Inclusion: “Do I belong?” In Charles’s case, existing staff may be worried that they’re going to be excluded from the exciting new work. The newbies, meanwhile, will be wondering whether they truly fit in. Respect: “Do people recognize the value I bring?” Everyone on the team wants to feel that their efforts are useful and appreciated. Fairness: “Am I being treated just like everyone else—or do I at least understand the reason that things are the way they are?” If the answer to any of those questions is “no,” people’s brains can quickly go into defensive mode—which, as we learned earlier, is a sure recipe for dysfunctional behavior. Indeed, Charles said “people were clearly feeling anxious and nervous. As a result, they started complaining about things they’ve never complained about before—making snide comments or questioning things that they saw as scope creep or turf invasion. People here are generally polite and friendly, and passionate about their work. So they weren’t hostile. Just unsettled.” To boost feelings of inclusion, Charles deliberately created opportunities for both groups of staff to get to know each other and later collaborate in cross-functional teams to work on new product innovation. In addition to emphasizing these shared wins from teamwork, Charles also takes the time to make everyone feel respected for their individual contribution. “You have to make sure to give people ‘spotlight moments.’ I look for opportunities to get them in front of the management team. I hate it when someone works on a presentation and then their boss delivers it. If people have done the work, they present it.” Finally, he’s transparent about the rationale behind his decisions. As he explains, “it’s a great investment in minimizing suspicion and defensiveness later on.” In doing so, he personally takes time to balance his time between the creatives and the technical folks, and if someone’s giving up some responsibilities to one of the new hires, he says, “I make sure to explain why that’s happening and emphasize the opportunities they will have to do new stuff in other areas—often areas that they’re better at and enjoy more.” As a result, Charles says, “both sides are learning and growing by being exposed to each other.” It’s not something he sees as a one-off effort, either. “The company never stops changing. The people who are currently ‘new’ will become the ‘old guard’ and then there will be a new generation of skills needed.” After all, he says, “this sort of attention to the social dimension is important in any industry where systemic change is happening.”

to him and his friends because Charles says both sides are learning

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